In the last five years, there have been published novelties related to the management (e.g., diagnosis, drug treatment, minimally invasive interventional or surgical treatment) of renal vascular diseases or their consequences (e.g., arterial hypertension). In this volume we have added a chapter on the usefulness of knowledge of anatomy and anatomical variants in endovascular therapies or renal transplantation. We also presented an updated approach on paraclinical diagnostic techniques of the various renal vessels pathologies.