The aim of the following reprint is to provide the reader with the latest updates on caries management in primary and permanent dentition. This Special Issue contains articles presenting innovative approaches, high-quality clinical, epidemiological, and dental public health research, and translational research in the field of caries management. Focuses include aspects of preventive, non-invasive, minimally invasive, and operative dentistry in children and adults. Primarily, clinical trials are looking, for example, at the use of silver (diamine) fluoride. Interestingly, this product seems to be experiencing a renaissance, leading to an expanded treatment spectrum, especially in pediatric dentistry. Alternatively, non-clinical study types demonstrate the facets of current research in cariology that aim to produce a large body of evidence, such as systematic reviews, or focus on possible clinical implications, such as decision-making in caries management. As a result, readers with both scientific and clinical backgrounds can gain important recent insights into various aspects of cariology from this reprint